ΠΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² Ρ Drosophila melanogaster
ΠΠ»Ρ Π²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΡ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² — ΡΠ°ΠΊ, Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π³Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ Π² ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ, Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π³Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ², Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ. Π ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π² Π½Π΅Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈ Π² Π½Π΅Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅, ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎ. ΠΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ… Π§ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΅ΡΡ >
- Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅
- ΠΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠ°
- ΠΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°
- ΠΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ
- ΠΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ Π² Π½Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ
Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅
- Π‘ΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ
- 1. ΠΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ
- 1. 1. ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΡ
- 1. 1. 1. Π Π΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ
- 1. 1. 2. Π‘ΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° Ρ ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°
- 1. 1. 3. ΠΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΡ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡΡ
- 1. 1. ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΡ
- 1. 2. ΠΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²
- 1. 2. 1. Π Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΡ
- 1. 2. 2. ΠΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π‘Π’Π‘Π
- 1. 2. 3. ΠΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²
- 1. 2. 4. Π Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²
- 1. 3. Π ΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΈΠΈ
- 2. 1. ΠΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ
- 2. 1. 1. ΠΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Drosophila melanogaster
- 2. 1. 2. Π’ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΌΠ±ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Drosophila melanogaster ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΉ
- 2. 1. 3. Π€Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² yellow ΠΈ miniwhite Π² ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡ
- 2. 1. 4. ΠΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
- 2. 2. ΠΠΈΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ
- 2. 2. 1. ΠΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠΠ ΠΈΠ· Π΄ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Ρ
- 2. 2. 2. Π‘Π°ΡΠ·Π΅ΡΠ½-Π±Π»ΠΎΡ-Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·
- 2. 2. 3. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ (ΠΠ¦Π )
- 2. 2. 4. ΠΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅
- 2. 2. 5. Π’ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ
- 2. 2. 6. ΠΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠΠ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΈΠ΄ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°
- 2. 2. 7. ΠΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ (3-Π³Π°Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ΄Π°Π·Ρ
- 2. 3. Π‘ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ
- 5. 1. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ 1Π2 ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ°
- 5. 1. 1. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ½Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠ΅Ρ-Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ
- 5. 1. 2. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ
- 5. 1. 3. Π ΠΎΠ»Ρ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² Su (Hw), Mod (mdg4)-67.2 ΠΈ Π (Ρ)2 Π² Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ 1Π2 ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ°. .84 ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΊ Su (Hw)
- 5. 1. 4. 1Π2 ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½ ΠΊ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠΌ
- 5. 2. ΠΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ½Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠ΅Ρ-ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ
- 5. 2. 1. ΠΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½ ΡΠ΅ΡΡ-ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²
- 5. 2. 2. Π‘ΠΈΠ»Π° Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ
- 5. 2. 3. ΠΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ½Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠ΅Ρ-ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ — 8ΠΈ (ΠΡ)-Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΡ Π½Π΅ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ Π² ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²
ΠΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² Ρ Drosophila melanogaster (ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ, ΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ, Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ)
Π’ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΈΡ — Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π² ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ — Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π ΠΠ.
— ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·Ρ. ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ, Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΡ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π° Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°, Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ, ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΆΠ΅ Π³Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π·Π° ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π³Π΅Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΡ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°, ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅, ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Ρ , Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ½Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ. Π΅. ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΈΠΈ). ΠΠ½Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡΡ (Bondarenko et al., 2003; Dorsett, 1999; de Laat & Grosveld,.
2003; West, Fraser, 2005). ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ «ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ» ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΡ, ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ ΡΠ½Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ, Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ Ρ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅, Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΠΠ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π²ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ.
Tolhuis, 2002; de Laat & Grosveld, 2003). ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ½Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡ, Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡ , ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ·Π½Π°Π²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ. Π―ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ, ΡΠ°Π·Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ½Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ (<3Π΅ Π¬Π°Π°1 & ΠΠ³ΠΎΠΠ£Π΅Π«, 2003). ΠΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ, Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π² ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΡ — ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ½Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΈ Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² — ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π² ΡΠ΄ΡΠ΅, ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Ρ ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡ Π³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ. Π Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ 8ΠΈ (ΠΡ)-Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π° Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π²Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ Π² ΡΠ½Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠ΅Ρ-ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ, ΠΊ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ, Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ, Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ — ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ. ΠΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π΄ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ, Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π½Π° ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ½Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠ΅Ρ-ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ.
1. ΠΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ.
ΠΠ»Ρ Π²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΡ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² — ΡΠ°ΠΊ, Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π³Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ Π² ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ, Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π³Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ², Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ. Π ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π² Π½Π΅Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈ Π² Π½Π΅Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅, ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎ. ΠΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π² ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΡ. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ Π³Π΅Π½Ρ Ρ Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ, Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Ρ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ. Π§Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π°ΠΉΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ, Π½Π΅Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ°-ΠΊΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°Π»ΡΠΉ, ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ , Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π‘Π’Π‘Π-Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ . ΠΠ° Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠ°Ρ-Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π² Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅. ΠΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠΊ Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π²Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ Π² ΡΠ½Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠ΅Ρ-ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ.
7. ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ.
1. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ 1Π2 ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅: Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ (236 ΠΏ.Π½.) ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π³Π΅Π½Π° yellow ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ 1Π2 ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ°, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ Π΄Π²Π° ΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ° ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° Su (Hw), ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ, Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ (218 ΠΏ.Π½.) ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠ»Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° Mod (mdg4).
2. ΠΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π° Π±Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Su (Hw)-Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΊ Π (Ρ)2, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π² Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° Su (Hw).
3. ΠΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅ Su (Hw)-Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ 10 Ρ.ΠΏ.Π½.
4. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ½Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ.
5. ΠΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ½Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ° Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅ Π΄Π°Π»Π΅ΠΊΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³Π΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ½Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠ΅Ρ-Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ².
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