ΠΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Π°Π΄ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π½Π° ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ
Π‘ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Ρ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠ½Π°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ (ΠΠ), ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ line of sight ΠΌΠ°ΡΡ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΠ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π±Π΅Π· ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π° ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΠ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ°Ρ. ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ… Π§ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΅ΡΡ >
- Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅
- ΠΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠ°
- ΠΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°
- ΠΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ
- ΠΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ Π² Π½Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ
Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅
- Π‘ΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ
- 1. ΠΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ
- 1. 1. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ
- 1. 2. ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ
- 1. 3. Π‘Π²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°
- 1. 4. ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠ
- 1. 5. ΠΠ Π² Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π΅
- 1. 6. ΠΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²
- 1. 6. 1. ΠΠ½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠ
- 1. 6. 2. Π‘ΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΠ
- 1. 6. 3. ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΠ
- 1. 7. ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ
- 2. Π’Π΅ΠΎΡΠΈΡ
- 2. 1. Π¬ΠΠ² ΠΌΠ°ΡΡ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
- 2. 2. ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ
- 2. 3. ΠΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π°Π΄ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΈ
- 2. 4. ΠΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΈ
- 3. ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ
- 3. 1. ΠΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°
- 3. 1. 1. ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅
- 3. 1. 2. ΠΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π²
- 3. 1. 3. ΠΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΆΠ½Ρ
- 3. 1. 4. Π€ΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ
- 3. 1. 5. Π¬ΠΠ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
- 3. 1. 6. ΠΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
- 3. 2. ΠΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°
- 3. 2. 1. ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅
- 3. 2. 2. ΠΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΆΠ½Ρ
- 3. 2. 3. Π€ΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ
- 3. 2. 4. ΠΠ°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠΌ Π
- 3. 2. 5. Π¬ΠΠ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
- 3. 2. 6. ΠΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°
- 3. 1. ΠΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°
- 4. 1. ΠΠ Π² Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π΅
- 4. 2. Π’Π΅ΠΌΠΏΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΡ ΠΠ
- 4. 2. 1. ΠΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΠ
- 4. 2. 2. ΠΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΠ
- 4. 2. 3. ΠΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΠ
- 4. 2. 4. ΠΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠ
- 4. 3. ΠΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
- 4. 3. 1. ΠΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ
- 4. 3. 2. Π‘ΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ
- 4. 3. 3. ΠΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΡΠ°ΡΠ
- 5. 1. ΠΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΠ
- 5. 1. 1. ΠΠΎΠ½ [Π‘4Π‘, 1ΡΠ ]+'
- 5. 1. 2. ΠΠΎΠ½ [Π‘.4Π‘1(Π‘Π·Π2^)Π‘1]+
- 5. 2. ΠΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΠ
- 5. 2. 1. [C4CiPyrr][N (CN)2]
- 5. 2. 2. [C4C, Pyir][FAP]
- 5. 3. ΠΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΠ
- 5. 4. ΠΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠ
- 6. 1. [CgCiIm][BF4]
- 6. 1. 1. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π΄ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΈ
- 6. 1. 2. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΈ
- 6. 2. ^CxImUTfzNl
- 6. 2. 1. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π΄ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΈ
- 6. 2. 2. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΈ
- 6. 2. 3. ΠΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
ΠΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Π°Π΄ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π½Π° ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ (ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ, ΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ, Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ)
ΠΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ (ΠΠ) — Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° Π°Π»ΠΊΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ, Π°Π»ΠΊΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ, Π°Π»ΠΊΠΈΠ»ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π΄Ρ. ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ (ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ) ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠΌ Π°Π½ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΠΡ4~, Π Π Π±", Π‘Π Π·ΠΠΠ³", (CFΠ·S02)2N" ΠΈ Π΄Ρ. — ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄. Π₯ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ ΠΠ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΠ, Π²ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ Π² 2000 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π΄ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΡΡΡΡ Π² 2010 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΠ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ»ΡΡ . ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ «Π·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΈ». ΠΠ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°ΠΌ «Π·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΈ», ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π. ΠΠ½Π°ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΈ ΡΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ. ΠΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΈ: Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡΡ Π·Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ, ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅. Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΉΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΠ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ² Π² Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π²ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΠΊΡΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ , Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π»ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ° Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π·Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ, Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ Ρ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ² (ΠΠ 3, ΠΠ Π·), Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²Π·ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ². ΠΠΎ Π½Π΅Π΄Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΠ Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ . ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π² 2005 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ³Π½ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΠ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ. Π ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΠ. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Ρ ΠΠ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΠ. Π‘ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π° ΠΠ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΡ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ°Ρ (ΠΠΠ).
Π€ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΡ Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΠ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΠ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠΏΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅). ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠΏΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΠ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ², Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·, ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΡΡ Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΠ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ, Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΠΌΡ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ.
Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Ρ ΠΠ, ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠΏΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ» Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΠ. ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π° Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ : ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΠ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠΏΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ²ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π°Π΄ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ» Π³Π°Π·Π° Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ ΠΠ ΠΈ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π² ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ. Π’Π΅ΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² (ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΡ (Π’ΠΠ) ΠΈ line of sight ΠΌΠ°ΡΡ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ (LOSMS), ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ (S), Ρ. Π΅. ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π°Π΄ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΈ) ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° Π² ΠΠ»Π°Π²Π΅ 2. ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π² ΠΠ»Π°Π²Π΅ 3. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Ρ ΠΠ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π’ΠΠ ΠΈ LOSMS ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² ΠΠ»Π°Π²Π΅ 4. ΠΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π° Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΠ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ°Ρ (ΠΠΠ). ΠΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ°Ρ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΠ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π² ΠΠ»Π°Π²Π΅ 5. ΠΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π±ΡΠ» ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠΎΠ½. ΠΠ½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ (AvapH) Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΠ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ»Π°Π²Π° 6 ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π΄ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΠ Π² Π²Π°ΠΊΡΡΠΌΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π°Π΄ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ» Π³Π°Π·Π° Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π ΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π³Π»Π°Π²Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ» ΠΠ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΠ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° LOSMC. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ «ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΠΎΡ» Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΠ, ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π°Π½ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ².
1 ΠΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ.
ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ.
1. Π‘ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Ρ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠ½Π°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ (ΠΠ), ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ line of sight ΠΌΠ°ΡΡ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΠ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π±Π΅Π· ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π° ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΠ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ°Ρ. ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ (ΠΡΠ°ΡΠ), Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π° Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΠ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π½Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΡΠ°ΡΠ, Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΠ.
2. ΠΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΠ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΠ. ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΠ. ΠΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ΄Π° ΠΠ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ΅Π²ΡΡ , ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π°Π½ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°.
3. ΠΠ·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ» Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΠ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Π»Π΅ ΠΎΡ 100 Π΄ΠΎ 300 Π. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠ Π°Π±ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΠ³Π. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ , Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»Ρ Π20 ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΠ. Π Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ, Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»Ρ ΠΠ³Π ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π»ΡΠ΄Π° Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΠ. Π‘ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π°Π±ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ, Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ.
4. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ» Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΠ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅Π² Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΊ, Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π»ΡΠ΄Π° — Π½ΡΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΊ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ» ΠΠ³Π ΠΈΠ· «ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΠΎΡ» Π½Π΅ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡΡ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»Ρ ΠΠ³Π Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ½Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΠΎΡ Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΠ, Π° Π½Π΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π² Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Ρ.
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