The general characteristics of the noun as a part of speech. 
Classification of nouns

Nevertheless, the semantic category does not appear in a grammatical sense.

The gender in English is a semantic notion that indicates to which sex the noun belongs (other parts of speech in the English language do not have any gender).

The nouns that signify the male sex refer to the masculine gender:

boy — мальчик;

man — мужчина.

Nouns denoting female sex refer to feminine gender:

girl — девушка;

woman — женщина.

Nouns denoting inanimate objects and abstract concepts and phenomena, as a rule, refer to the neuter gender. Nouns denoting animals usually also belong to the neuter gender. For example:

chair — стул;

fear — страх;

cat — кот.

Many animate nouns are neutral. Out of context, they do not designate a specific gender and have the same form for both the male and female. These are the so-called nouns of indeterminate gender:

child — ребёнок (maybe a girl and a boy);

singer — певец, певица;

cook — повар (man and woman);

cousin — двоюродный брат, двоюродная сестра;

assistant — помощник (man and woman).

Nouns expressing the notions of greatness, grace, sensitivity, fertility, etc., are contextually related to the feminine gender. For example: Earth has brought forth her fruit.

Nouns that express the concepts of power, power or destruction, refer to the masculine gender. For example: War has shown his true face.

Conclusion.

Thus, it is necessary to draw conclusions on the topic under consideration.

The noun as part of the speech of English has the meaning of objectivity, denoting the object or phenomenon of reality or an abstract concept. The category of the number, like in Russian, is represented by singular and plural forms, but there are only two cases in the English noun (general and possessive), and some researchers are inclined even to the fact that the case is not a grammatical category of this part of speech. The category of the genus, which has an expression in noun forms in Russian, does not have such an expression in English and is reflected in the semantic sense and with the help of auxiliary words in the sentence (although in the Old English period this category was inherent in a noun).

The category of a noun that is not expressed by the forms of the word itself (in other words, not a morphological one) is a category of definitenessun definiteness. Different researchers include the following lexical and grammatical categories of nouns: personal, nominal, material, collective, abstract, concrete, countable, uncountable, animate, inanimate and the category «person» — «not a person» .

Thus, nouns in English, coinciding in essence with nouns in Russian (in other words, carrying the meaning of objectivity and answering the questions of who? what?), differ significantly in their grammatical features and lexico-grammatical categories. This causes, among other things, some translation difficulties, which are often solved by replacing nouns with the words of other parts of speech during translation.

Used sources.

1. Gurevich V.V. Theoretical grammar of the English language. Comparative typology of English and Russian languages ​​.— M., 2003. — 288 p.

2. Kobrina N.A., Boldyrev N.N., Khudyakov A.A. Theoretical grammar of the modern English language. — M., 2007. — 296 p.

3. Koshevaya I.G. Problems of Linguistics and Theory of the English Language. The grammatical structure of modern English: a theoretical course. — M.: The book house «Librocom», 2012. — 178 p.

4. Norman B.Yu. Theory of language. Introductory course: Textbook. — M.: Nauka, 2004. — 203 p.

5. Shevchenko O.G. Theoretical Grammar of Modern English: Textbook. allowance — Petr.-Kamchat .: KamGU im. Vitus Bering, 2009. — 172 p.

6. Khudyakov A.A. Theoretical grammar of the English language. — M: Academy, 2010. — 256 p.

Gurevich V.V. Theoretical grammar of the English language. Comparative typology of English and Russian languages ​​.— M., 2003. — P. 42.

Koshevaya I.G. Problems of Linguistics and Theory of the English Language. The grammatical structure of modern English: a theoretical course. — M.: The book house «Librocom», 2012. — P. 27.

Shevchenko O.G. Theoretical Grammar of Modern English: Textbook. allowance — Petr.-Kamchat .: KamGU im. Vitus Bering, 2009. — P. 26.

Khudyakov A.A. Theoretical grammar of the English language. — M: Academy, 2010. — P. 35.

Norman B.Yu. Theory of language. Introductory course: Textbook. — M.: Nauka, 2004. — P. 38.

Kobrina N.A., Boldyrev N.N., Khudyakov A.A. Theoretical grammar of the modern English language. — M., 2007. — P. 32.