ΠΡΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ
ΠΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΠ’Π ΠΈ UTP ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡ Π‘Π° Π² ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π² ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ADP. ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΠ’Π ΠΈ UTP ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π°Π³ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, a ADP — ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π³ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΡ. ΠΠ· ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ Π½Π° Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ P2Y ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ΄ Π°Π³ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ P2Y2 ΠΈ P2Y4 ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ… Π§ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΅ΡΡ >
- Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅
- ΠΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠ°
- ΠΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°
- ΠΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ
- ΠΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ Π² Π½Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ
Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅
- 1. ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
- 2. ΠΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ
- 2. 1. ΠΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
- 2. 2. Π‘ΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°Π΄Ρ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ
- 2. 3. ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»Ρ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ
- 2. 4. ΠΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΆΡΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°Π΄Ρ
- 2. 5. ΠΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅Π²Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ
- 3. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ
- 3. 1. ΠΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° ΠΊ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ
- 3. 2. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ°
- 4. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
- 4. 1. Π€Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΠ’Π
- 4. 2. ΠΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π·Ρ Π‘ ΠΈ 1Π Π· ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΠ’Π
- 4. 3. ΠΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ SOC ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΠ’Π -ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
- 4. 4. ΠΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π‘Π° ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΡ
- 4. 5. ΠΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΠΠ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ
- 4. 6. ΠΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π‘Π° ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΎ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π² ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Ρ Π½Π° ΠΠ’Π
ΠΡΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ (ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ, ΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ, Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ)
Π‘Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠ± ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈ. Π’Π°ΠΊ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΈΠΉ (Ρ.Π΅., ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ) Π²ΠΊΡΡ, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ, Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΠΌΠΈ. Π‘ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΡ Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠ°: ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΡΠΉ, ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΡΠΉ, ΡΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΈΠΉ, Π³ΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ (umami), ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π½ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌΡ ΠΊ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΈΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»Π° ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ Π»Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠ° ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊ. Π ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΠΈ Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ, Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΊΡΡ. Π’Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅, ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠ° Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠ½Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ΅ Π½ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° Π²ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ°.
ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅. ΠΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½Π°. ΠΠΎ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ, ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½Π°, Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎ-Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΌΡ, Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ/ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π· Π² Π΄Π²Π°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ, ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ³Π°ΡΡΡ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Ρ. ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΏΡΡ Ρ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠΎ ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅. ΠΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠΈΡ Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ , Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ»Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ. Π ΡΠ΄ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ» Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² (Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½, ΠΠΠΠ, ΡΡΠ±ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡ Π ) Π²ΠΎ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ, Π² ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΊ Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΉΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ.
ΠΠ΅Π΄Π°Π²Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΠ’Π ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅Ρ Π» I.
Π‘Π° Π² ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ. Π€Π°ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΠ’Π Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ P2Y ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΠ’Π ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉ, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ Π‘Π°2+ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΎ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π² ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Ρ Π½Π° ΠΠ’Π ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π² ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½Π° Π²ΠΊΡΡΠ°.
2.ΠΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ.
ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ.
1. ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΅Π² Π²ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ P2Y-rana, Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π°Π³ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ 100 jiM:
ATP>2Me S ATP>UTP> ADP>UDP>> adenosine, GTP. Π‘Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ΄ Π°Π³ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ P2Y2 ΠΈ P2Y4 ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π° ΡΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ , ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΠ’Π .
2. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ P2Y ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°Π΄Π°. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΈΠΉ, Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ Π²Π½Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΠ’Π , Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π·Ρ Π‘, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ»Π±ΠΈΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π΄Π° (PIP2) Π΄ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»Π³Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ»Π° ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ° (IP3), Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡ 1Π 3 ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ° Π». Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π‘Π° Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈΠ· Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ Π‘Π°2+ Π΄Π΅ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈ Π²Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π‘Π°2+ ΠΈΠ· Π²Π½Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π°.
3. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π΅ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π‘Π°2+ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Ρ SOC (store operated channel) ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°, Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π‘Π°2+ Π΄Π΅ΠΏΠΎ. ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ SOC ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ Π²Π½Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π‘Π°2+, ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΠ’Π -Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΉ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠΎΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π‘Π°2+.
4. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π‘Π°2+ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π‘Π° ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΠ’Π . ΠΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ Π‘Π° ΠΠ’Π Π°Π·Π° ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ Π‘Π° Π½Π°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π‘Π°2+ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΡ ΠΠ’Π -ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ Na+/Ca2+ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ.
Π‘Π°2+ Π³ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π·Π° Π² ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΠ’Π — Π½Π΅Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½.
5. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΠΠ -Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°Π΄Π°, Π²ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΠ’Π .
6. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ, ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΠ’Π -Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅ Π‘Π° ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»Ρ Π² ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ.
ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
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ΠΡΠ°ΠΊ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΠ Π ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ P2Y ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°, Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π‘Π° ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»Ρ (P2Y — ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π·Π° Π‘ — 1Π 3 — Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠΎΡ/Π²Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ Π‘Π°2+) Π² ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Ρ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠ’Π Π²ΠΎ Π²Π½Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅. Π» I.
ΠΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΠ’Π ΠΈ UTP ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡ Π‘Π° Π² ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π² ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ADP. ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΠ’Π ΠΈ UTP ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π°Π³ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, a ADP — ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π³ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΡ. ΠΠ· ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ Π½Π° Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ P2Y ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ΄ Π°Π³ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ P2Y2 ΠΈ P2Y4 ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π° ΡΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΈΠΏΡ P2Y ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΠ’Π . Π ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² RT-PCR ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ P2Y2 ΠΈ P2Y4 ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ .
ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»Π° ΠΠ’Π ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ , ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ , ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ (North and Barnard, 1997; Burnstock, 2001; Khakh, 2001). Π ΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΠ’Π ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΊΠΎ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»Π°ΠΌ. ΠΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈ — Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΠ’Π , Π° Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ — ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ’Π Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅.
ΠΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡ P2Y ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π² ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π·Π° Π‘Ρ2 — Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ PLC ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°, ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π½Π° Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ (Rossler et al. 1998; Huang et al., 1999; Asano-Miyoshia et al., 2000). Π€ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π·Ρ Cpi-3 Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ G-Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° Gq ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Gi/Go (Zinger et al., 1997; Rebecchi and Pentyala, 2000). Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΡ Π½Π΅ Π·Π½Π°Π΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ G-Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΊ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π² ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ P2Y ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π·Ρ Π‘Ρ2. ΠΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ P2Y2 ΠΈ P2Y4 ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ G-Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. Π ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Gi-Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΊ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π Ρ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π·Ρ CP, Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π°-ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π·Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·Ρ, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ² (Burnstock, 2001; Di Virgilio and Solini, 2002; Abbracchio et al., 2003). ΠΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²Π½Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΠ’Π ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ, Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ² Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· G-Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ, Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°Π΄Ρ, ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ PIP2, IP3, DAG, Π‘Π°2+ ΠΈ ΡΠΠΠ . ΠΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ — Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ° Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ².
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